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How Does ADHD Medication Work? When one neuron transmits a signal to another, it utilizes chemicals known as neurotransmitters. These chemicals must pass through a small gap that is called a synapse. Certain ADHD medications make the transmission of these messages more effective. They can help neurons release more neurotransmitters or slow the reuptake process (called Reuptake inhibitors). Doctors begin ADHD patients with a low dose and monitor their reaction. They alter the dosage as they go along to determine an “sweet spot” -the lowest dosage that offers an immediate improvement in symptoms and very few adverse side effects. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is the most common kind of medication that doctors typically attempt to assist children with ADHD. It works by increasing the amount of dopamine and norepinephrine that is present in the brains of children which aids them in focusing and pay attention. It also reduces their hyperactivity and impulsivity. Remember that methylphenidate should only be taken with a doctor’s supervision as it is a controlled substance. Ritalin is the most common methylphenidate drug. It's available as tablets with immediate release (Ritalin, Concerta, or Quillichew ER) chewable tablets with a long-acting mechanism (Cotempla XR-ODT or Adhansia XR) or long-acting capsules (Adhansia PM or Jornay PM). Certain versions of this medication contain artificial sweeteners such as aspartame, which can be hazardous for those suffering from Phenylketonuria (an genetic condition that can cause severe intellectual disabilities). Be sure to tell your doctor about any food allergies you or your child suffers from. Researchers have found that methylphenidate can reduce aberrant activity, particularly in the accumbens' nucleus as well as a set of brain networks involved in the process of adaptive control. This is the reason why methylphenidate is among the most effective medications to treat ADHD. The side effects of stimulants are headaches, nausea, sleepiness anxiety, agitation, an agitation and tics. click here! are rare but can be serious. If you experience any of them, you should call your doctor immediately. You should also inform your doctor if you or your child has allergies or an underlying heart condition, depression, bipolar disorder or other mental health conditions or glaucoma, a past history of seizures or stroke, or if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) like isocarboxazid (Marplan) and linezolid (Zyvox) and methylene blue, or phenelzine (Nardil). It is crucial to take your methylphenidate exactly as prescribed by your doctor. Amphetamines Amphetamines can speed up the transmission of messages between brain cells. They can help you concentrate your thoughts and stay clear of distractions. They are among the most commonly prescribed drugs for treating ADHD in children and adults. They increase the levels of neurotransmitters norepinephrine and dopamine in your brain. Amphetamines can be found in short-acting (immediate-release) and intermediate or long-acting forms. They can be taken orally and also via injection. Some people have a difficult dealing with the adverse effects of stimulant medication like insomnia, restlessness, or increased heart rate and blood pressure. Your doctor will monitor the symptoms and adjust the dosage to find the right one for you. Some people may have to take a mix of medications to get the desired effect. Stimulant drugs affect two essential neurotransmitters within the pre-frontal cortex, which is the brain region which regulates your emotions and regulate your behavior. These drugs are prescribed to treat a variety of mental health problems, including ADD/ADHD, depression anxiety, bipolar disorder and depression. Amphetamines and methylphenidates are the most commonly used stimulant drugs. The FDA has approved dozens of brand-name stimulants to treat ADHD. They are available in different forms ranging from short-acting stimulants to long-acting stimulants. They can be taken orally or injected. Students, truck drivers and teenagers who need more energy to do endurance sports can take amphetamines. Amphetamines can trigger psychological and physical problems when used improperly, especially in higher doses. ADHD is treatable with non-stimulant drugs. They include atomoxetine, clonidine, and Guanfacine. They are in the same class as antidepressants and belong to the norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitors and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists classes. They work on the same chemicals as stimulants but are less likely to cause tics worse which is a concern for those with Tourette's Syndrome. Short-acting stimulants These drugs are used for treating teens and children suffering from ADHD. These medications can be taken orally or applied to the skin. They are available in pills that can be chewed or swallowed or chewed, capsules that can be opened and sprinkled onto food, and liquid and patches. These drugs are usually only available through prescription. The medications include methylphenidate (brand names Ritalin, Concerta, Focalin, Daytrana), and amphetamines (Adderall, Dexedrine, Vyvanse). Short-acting stimulants work fast and last for 3 to 6 hours. These medications ease symptoms in 70-80 percent of adults and children with ADHD. They reduce fidgeting and interrupting, making it easier for you to complete tasks. They also help improve relationships and academic performance. They can't correct the root issues that cause ADHD. So it's important to use them in conjunction with behavioral therapy. It's also important to recognize that ADHD medications can have adverse effects. They can cause you to be drowsy or cranky, and they could interfere with your sleep. These effects are usually mild and will disappear as soon as the medication has left your system. Your doctor may recommend taking a small dose at first and then gradually increase it. They'll watch to see how the medication affects your child or you, and look for any problems. Finding the right medication for you or your children might take some time. It is recommended to speak openly with your health care team. They may suggest changes in the frequency at which you or your child take the medication, or when it's required at all. They'll also want to know whether you or your child have any other medical or mental ailments. Intermediate stimulants Stimulants help to manage ADHD symptoms by altering the neurotransmitter activity of the brain. This can increase the levels of dopamine as well as norepinephrine, two chemicals that are important for the function of the pre-frontal cortex area of the brain (think of it as your “secretary” in the executive functioning area of your brain). Stimulant medications are effective for most ADHD children. Your doctor can help you determine the best medication and dosage for you. You may need to test different kinds of medications before settling on the one that is most effective for you or your child. You can take immediate-release stimulants in liquid form as well as chewable tablets. These drugs start working quickly and last for three to four hours. There are some people who experience problems when the medication wears off, which is called the “crash effect.” It usually results in an abrupt drop in energy, and may cause intense hunger. There are also long-acting stimulants like dexamfetamine or lisdexamfetamine. These are more complicated and require prescriptions. They are injected into the bloodstream, and they become active in the red blood cells. Finding the right dosage, medication and schedule for your child or yourself can take some time. Your doctor will observe your reaction to the medication, and will look for any signs of trouble like trouble sleeping. If you or your child are not responding well to stimulants, they will also discuss non-stimulant medications. You should never stop or change your ADHD medication without consulting your doctor first. Tell your doctor if you take any over-the counter medications or supplements, as they may interact with ADHD medications. Long-acting stimulants For 70-80% adults and children with ADHD stimulant medication is effective in reducing hyperactivity, interrupting behavior, fidgeting and impulsivity. They can also improve focus and help people finish tasks and maintain relationships. They may not reduce moodiness or other troublesome symptoms. They may also cause negative side effects, such as the loss of appetite, insomnia and nervousness. They may also cause stomachaches, heart rhythm changes and high blood pressure. These medications work in stages to treat ADHD symptoms throughout the day. The majority of these medications begin to work in 30 to 60 minutes. They disappear after 3 to 6 hours. They are often utilized in conjunction with other forms of ADHD treatment like behavioral therapy. Some of these long acting stimulants, like atomoxetine-ER (Intuniv) and guanfacine (Strattera) can last for a long time and even the next morning. Some doctors suggest taking them in the afternoon to prevent patients from requiring additional medication in school or in the afternoon. Long-acting stimulants aren't able to increase dopamine levels to the same degree as short- or intermediate-acting drugs. However, they still have a significant effect on dopamine levels. Therefore, they don't cause the same kind of rebound effects that occur with shorter-acting drugs. Long-acting stimulants, due to the possibility of adverse effects are typically prescribed as a second treatment for adults with ADHD and older teens. They can also be used to treat certain patients with ADHD if other medications haven't been effective. While medication can aid in improving self-control and concentration however, it's not the only solution for those with ADHD. When combined with good sleep habits and healthy eating habits, as well as other self-help strategies, it's often possible to decrease or eliminate the need for ADHD medicine.